This article attempts to offer contributions that address all three of these deficiencies: to articulate a more rigorous and systematic understanding of the processes of soft and smart power, to explain how changes in world politics have raised the value of smart power relative to hard power, and finally to propose several prescriptions that will encourage decisionmakers to appreciate and effectively use smart power strategies in their foreign policies.

Method: Participants were 431 participants enrolled in the Collaborative Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders from July 1996 to June 2008. Suicide attempts were assessed with the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation at 6 and 12months, then yearly through 10years. Logistic regression was used to compare single attempters to multiple attempters on Axis I and II psychiatric disorders and personality trait variables.

Results: Twenty-one percent of participants attempted suicide during the 10years of observation, with 39 (9.0%) reporting a single suicide attempt and 54 (12.5%) reporting multiple suicide attempts. Although no significant differences in were found in baseline Axis I disorders, multiple attempters were significantly more likely to meet criteria for borderline personality disorder and to have higher impulsivity scores than single attempters.

Conclusion: These results underscore the importance of considering both personality disorders and traits in the assessment of suicidality.